Metabolism of Protein
What is metabolism?
If there is an activity going continuously in a body it requires two actions to be taken. One is storing energy and the other is spending the energy. The mechanism of storing the energy available from outside so that it can be spent in installments when the energy source is not there, and the mechanism of converting the stored form in to active energy to utilize for useful purpose for the activities to carry on is called metabolism
What is an amino acid?
Amino acids are biologically important organic compounds containing amine (-NH2) and carboxylic acid (-COOH) functional groups, usually along with a side-chain specific to each amino acid. The key elements of an amino acid are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, though other elements are found in the side-chains of certain amino acids. About 500 amino acids are known and can be classified in many ways.
What are the functions of amino acids?
Amino acids build proteins, and proteins are life-sustaining macronutrients. Yet simply calling amino acids the building blocks of protein doesn’t do justice to their value. While some amino acids only make proteins, others fill a variety of roles, from supporting metabolism to protecting your heart. Your body can also use amino acids for energy when you lack carbs and fats.
They are 2 category of amino acid :
Essential
Non-essential
Essential
Non-essential
Essential
The essential amino acids, which are also referred to as indispensable, are the ones you must get through the foods you eat because your body can’t make them. Nine out of the 20 amino acids are essential, but adults only need to obtain eight of them: valine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine and tryptophan. The ninth amino acid -- histidine -- is only essential for infants. Your body doesn’t store amino acids, so it needs a regular daily supply of these essential building blocks.
Non-essential
Nonessential is a slightly misleading label because these amino acids actually fill essential roles, but since they’re synthesized by your body, they’re not an essential part of your diet. Of the 11 nonessential amino acids, eight are called conditional amino acids. When you’re sick or under significant stress, your body may not be able to produce enough of these amino acids to meet your needs. The list of conditional amino acids includes arginine, glutamine, tyrosine, cysteine, glycine, proline, serine and ornithine. The remaining three -- alanine, asparagine and aspartate -- are nonessential.
What is anabolism?
Anabolism is defined as "a process in which simpler molecules combining to form complex compounds." Living cells combine amino acids to form structural proteins and functional proteins.
Anabolism is defined as "a process in which simpler molecules combining to form complex compounds." Living cells combine amino acids to form structural proteins and functional proteins.
PROTEIN ANABOLISM
- Protein anabolism is a process of building up of the proteins.
- With the involvement of enzymes and Ribonucleic acid (RNA) amino acids combine with their amino group in peptide linkages and forms long chain proteins which is called protein anabolism.
- Protein anabolism is necessary for body muscle building, strength growth and recovery.
- Adenosinetriphosphate (ATP) is one of the essential conduits that help in bringing together the smaller amino acids in to proteins.
- These are assisted by growth hormones called anabolic steroids. which will act as stimulants for the growth of proteins and in turn the muscles.
- Protein anabolism is essential to reduce fat and increase the muscular strength.
How does an anabolism of amino acids happen?
1. Direct incorporation of ammonium ion
2. Transamination
1. Direct incorporation of ammonium ion
2. Transamination
-- Transamination reaction
The transfer involve a transaminase (aminotransferase) that catalyze an amino group to an a-keto acid.
The transfer involve a transaminase (aminotransferase) that catalyze an amino group to an a-keto acid.